The Discovery of Room-Temperature Superconductors

Subtitle language:
00:01 โ†’ 00:16
This is the floating metal behind us, the superconductor.
00:17 โ†’ 00:24
A superconductor is a perfect conductor with no electrical resistance, a dream material that could solve the energy problems facing humanity.
00:27 โ†’ 00:31
So far, superconductors have only been possible at low temperatures.
00:32 โ†’ 00:37
Scientists have long dreamed of a superconductor at room temperature.
00:39 โ†’ 00:47
It's a really important material that's considered sacred in the academic world, and it's something that everybody wants to find.
00:48 โ†’ 00:56
A domestic company claims to have created a superconductor called the dream material, and the scientific community around the world is buzzing.
00:57 โ†’ 01:04
So I believe that this is superconductively true, because I know the basics of it.
01:07 โ†’ 01:10
Have we finally found the Holy Grail?
01:11 โ†’ 01:22
Now, if this is true, it's a really historic moment in physics, in fact, if it's true.
01:36 โ†’ 01:38
Faculty of Natural Sciences at the University of Seoul
01:41 โ†’ 01:43
I'm working on superconductors.
01:44 โ†’ 01:49
You open a container of liquid nitrogen, and a cool, white gas comes out.
01:55 โ†’ 01:57
They poured liquid nitrogen on it.
02:00 โ†’ 02:04
In an instant, the temperature drops to close to minus 200 degrees.
02:08 โ†’ 02:12
Let's put the cooled sample on top of the magnet.
02:13 โ†’ 02:17
Strangely enough, it's floating in the air.
02:21 โ†’ 02:25
It's called the Meissner effect.
02:26 โ†’ 02:31
This is what happens when the magnetic fields inside the superconductor and the magnetic fields outside the superconductor interact.
02:45 โ†’ 02:50
The result is that the superconductor is pushed up against the magnet.
02:53 โ†’ 03:01
The biggest feature of superconductors is that they have zero electrical resistance, which means they can conserve energy.
03:02 โ†’ 03:13
Because they're objects that can conduct electricity without resistance, they can be used to make devices that don't lose heat.
03:14 โ†’ 03:23
For example, self-winding trains, which are now made out of copper, because they lose a lot of heat.
03:27 โ†’ 03:30
After a few seconds, it falls to the floor.
03:33 โ†’ 03:43
At normal temperatures, the properties of superconductors are lost.
03:45 โ†’ 03:55
There's resistance at very high temperatures, and it's going to go down, and at some point, at some point, at some point, all of a sudden, it's going to go down.
03:56 โ†’ 04:05
So this is usually the conductor, the conductor with the resistance, and at this point, we have a transition to the conductor without the resistance.
04:06 โ†’ 04:09
This is what we call the pre-superconductor temperature.
04:10 โ†’ 04:19
I don't know much about it, but I come from a medical background, and it's kind of weird to see that, but it's a great material, because it's a non-resistant material.
04:20 โ†’ 04:29
It's a great material, because it's been 110 years since superconductors were discovered, and there are many other kinds of superconductors that have been developed or discovered.
04:30 โ†’ 04:35
But what's the biggest obstacle to using these superconductors in our daily lives?
04:36 โ†’ 04:39
The temperature before the superconductivity occurs is too low.
04:40 โ†’ 04:46
The highest temperature of any superconductor ever found by man is about minus 140 degrees Celsius.
04:47 โ†’ 04:48
The highest is minus 140 degrees?
04:49 โ†’ 04:52
Yes, it's minus 140 degrees, which means it's uninhabitable.
04:53 โ†’ 05:00
That's why scientists have spent so much time trying to find superconductors that would work at this high temperature, the temperature at which humans live.
05:01 โ†’ 05:06
And we recently learned that a team in our country has developed this thermal superconductor.
05:13 โ†’ 05:16
It started with an article on the Internet.
05:17 โ†’ 05:23
Korean researchers have developed a superconductor called LK99.
05:24 โ†’ 05:34
The temperature was several hundred degrees higher than the conventional limit of minus 140 degrees, or 126 degrees.
05:37 โ†’ 05:40
And the recipe was simpler than I thought.
05:41 โ†’ 05:49
First, they mix the oxidizer with the sulfuric acid to make a mixture called lanacite.
05:50 โ†’ 05:55
And then you mix copper and zinc to make phosphorus frogs.
05:56 โ†’ 06:05
Now, when you mix these two materials and heat them for tens of hours at high temperatures, you get LK99.
06:06 โ†’ 06:13
It had to go through this very complicated process of becoming a superconductor.
06:13 โ†’ 06:22
But in the case of LK99, it's just a high-speed reaction where you put a bunch of powders together, and that's the experiment.
06:23 โ†’ 06:31
And because it's so easy to make, it's a constant-temperature superconductor, so this has a much bigger impact.
06:33 โ†’ 06:39
It was also the subject of an international scholarly conference that was taking place in our country.
06:40 โ†’ 06:49
At the time, the LK99 superelectron was very hot in the scientific community.
06:50 โ†’ 06:57
There was an uproar on the Twitter side, and that's when the scientists came to me and said, "Let's take a tour of the lab".
06:58 โ†’ 07:05
I've been to Korea, and I'm not going to the lab, and I'm just going to the lab, and the scientists are coming to me.
07:06 โ†’ 07:14
One of the LK99 researchers, Prof. Huang Yunjun, was speaking on the last day of the conference.
07:15 โ†’ 07:24
There are questions like, did you measure resistance, did you see magnetism, did you measure hitter resistance, and so on.
07:25 โ†’ 07:33
This is what we could do, and this is what we couldn't do because we weren't equipped.
07:34 โ†’ 07:45
And with the paper and the announcement of the team that had developed a superconductor that was supposed to be a dream material, the atmosphere of the conference was probably hotter than ever.
07:46 โ†’ 07:54
The atmosphere was very heated, because first of all, the site where the LK99 paper was posted was a public site that was not verified by other scientists.
07:55 โ†’ 08:00
And at the academic conference that you saw earlier, the faculty members were in a bit of a hurry.
08:00 โ†’ 08:10
It wasn't originally part of the presentation schedule, but he says that due to strong demands from foreign attendees, it was rushed late on the last day of the event.
08:11 โ†’ 08:15
On the day of this announcement, I brought a sample of LK99 with me.
08:16 โ†’ 08:24
It's dark in color, and it's about the size of a coin, and it's in a test jar, so you can't touch it with your hands.
08:25 โ†’ 08:28
And we didn't show the Maysnooth effect today.
08:29 โ†’ 08:34
So just looking at the sample today, we couldn't tell if this was a superconductor or not.
08:35 โ†’ 08:43
If it's really been developed, it's an invitation, and it hasn't been verified by other scientists yet, so we'll have to wait a little bit longer.
08:44 โ†’ 08:51
Yes, first of all, the main deity, and now the Holy Grail has been found, and there's been a lot of talk about this.
08:51 โ†’ 08:57
And then there were attempts around the world to try to make this LK99 sample.
08:58 โ†’ 09:04
Because the way to make LK99 is relatively simple compared to conventional superconductors.
09:05 โ†’ 09:10
And the results of these attempts to create these samples have been coming out recently, one by one.
09:11 โ†’ 09:21
The researchers at Seoul University told reporters that they had also done the LK99 replication experiment.
09:22 โ†’ 09:28
There's a small ceramic in a sealed test tube.
09:29 โ†’ 09:38
Just heating this test tube at over 900 degrees for 20 hours produces LK99.
09:39 โ†’ 09:41
What was the outcome?
09:55 โ†’ 09:59
This is a video released by the Quantum Energy Laboratory, which created LK99.
10:01 โ†’ 10:06
He said it would show the Meissner effect, but it only raised suspicions.
10:08 โ†’ 10:12
The whole thing doesn't rise, but one side touches the ground.
10:13 โ†’ 10:25
Because they're so close, the N-points in the yoke and the N-points in the yoke are pushing against each other, so it's going to take a lot more yoke recoil to get up.
10:25 โ†’ 10:31
So it's always going to be floating in the middle like this with no part of the superconductor touching it.
10:32 โ†’ 10:35
There have been similar assessments in other countries.
10:36 โ†’ 10:42
The leading academic journal, Nature, has published an article saying that LK99 is not a superconductor.
10:45 โ†’ 10:50
You can see that the core of the superconductor has zero resistance.
10:50 โ†’ 10:56
We couldn't observe that the core of a superconductor has zero resistance.
10:57 โ†’ 11:20
And the most important thing is that the magnitude of the resistance that we're claiming is at a very high resistance, and then it drops to zero, has a much higher resistance than the resistance of copper wires that we normally know.
11:21 โ†’ 11:30
We went to the Quantum Energy Laboratory, which played a key role in the LK99 paper.
11:31 โ†’ 11:36
A red brick house in a densely populated area of Seoul.
11:37 โ†’ 11:48
We go down to the basement, and there's a sign on the wall that says "Quantum Energy Laboratory".
11:49 โ†’ 11:53
But the door was firmly closed.
11:54 โ†’ 11:58
We got a call.
11:58 โ†’ 12:08
We're working on an official announcement in late August or early September, and I'll let you know when it's confirmed, because this is as far as we know it's going to go.
12:09 โ†’ 12:15
We contacted the co-author of the paper, Professor Kim Hyuntok.
12:15 โ†’ 12:20
They said that the failure of the external tests was most likely due to the purity of the sample.
12:20 โ†’ 12:24
A petty person can drop a submission, but it's almost all true.
12:25 โ†’ 12:32
So I believe that this is true because I know the evidence.
12:33 โ†’ 12:35
So other people might not know.
12:36 โ†’ 12:43
They said that the failure of the external tests was most likely due to the purity of the sample.
12:44 โ†’ 12:48
That could be a measurement error.
12:48 โ†’ 12:58
For example, if you're a superbug, if you take the measurements of the one with resistance and the one without resistance, then the one without resistance and the one with resistance are measured.
12:59 โ†’ 13:05
You can see that the resistance is buried, and that's what happens when you have bacteria on the surface.
13:06 โ†’ 13:10
But there aren't a lot of experts who shake their heads.
13:11 โ†’ 13:23
This is not a case like this one, and if you say this is wrong, then, in fact, somehow, the unbreakable logic doesn't seem to have worked for you.
13:24 โ†’ 13:30
When this logic comes out, it's a really unbreakable logic that just doesn't verify.
13:32 โ†’ 13:37
Unfortunately, it doesn't seem to be getting the results we were hoping for.
13:37 โ†’ 13:41
Unfortunately, it's true that we haven't had any results so far.
13:42 โ†’ 13:45
They're making these LK99 samples all over the world.
13:46 โ†’ 13:50
So far, we haven't seen any samples with superconducting properties.
13:51 โ†’ 14:00
And now in some institutions, the samples that we've made are showing some self-extracting effects, but that doesn't make them superconductors.
14:01 โ†’ 14:05
The representative one is our upper body, because this is the representative semi-upper body.
14:05 โ†’ 14:13
So one of the interesting things is that if you put a frog on a magnet with a very large magnetic field, it will float.
14:14 โ†’ 14:18
That's because frogs are semi-humans.
14:19 โ†’ 14:27
It's interesting, because if a frog can fly, it means that there's a lot of material that has the ability to fly.
14:28 โ†’ 14:35
If you have a very strong external magnetic field, even a frog can take to the air.
14:36 โ†’ 14:42
But in cases like LK99, the self-sustaining Mason effect is only half as strong.
14:43 โ†’ 14:44
That's why the curiosity is growing.
14:45 โ†’ 14:48
It hasn't been verified by the scientific community yet, so we don't really get it.
14:49 โ†’ 14:59
Now, if the team that developed LK99 really believes that this is the right superconductor, I think we should be a little bit more proactive on a number of issues.
14:59 โ†’ 15:06
But the interesting thing is that this quantum energy lab is not a school, it's a business.
15:07 โ†’ 15:09
So that's where you're supposed to make money and be profitable.
15:10 โ†’ 15:15
So it's important to publish papers, but it's also important to get patents to make money.
15:16 โ†’ 15:25
Co-author of the paper, Professor Kim Yong-taek, says there are limits to external responses because the company is currently working to secure patents.
15:26 โ†’ 15:29
The patent wars are the most important and fiercest right now.
15:30 โ†’ 15:34
It doesn't matter what kind of verification it is.
15:35 โ†’ 15:40
I've already replaced everything with honey, and it's resistant, and it's like this.
15:41 โ†’ 15:46
And then there's the urgency, and we don't have a lot of people, and we're going to have to do a lot of work.
15:48 โ†’ 15:54
Currently, there are two patents related to the LK99, one domestic and one international.
15:54 โ†’ 16:02
The Quantum Energy Laboratory has been doing this for 21 and 22 years.
16:03 โ†’ 16:09
In fact, when it comes to patenting materials like this, you have to do a lot of iterative testing.
16:10 โ†’ 16:24
So when you think you've found a novel substance that's proven to work, you usually adopt a strategy of applying for patents and then continually adding data to it and increasing the number of patents.
16:25 โ†’ 16:33
But it turns out that one of the inventors, a professor from Hong Kong, has filed a complaint with the patent office.
16:34 โ†’ 16:44
Professor Hu claims that he is not a patent applicant and demands that the patent be rejected.
16:46 โ†’ 16:48
I think it's an unusual case.
16:48 โ†’ 16:57
Because it's not uncommon to have a clause in your employment contract that says that you have to promote your invention in order to avoid this kind of conflict.
16:58 โ†’ 17:04
It's probably pretty much all in the standard employment contract.
17:05 โ†’ 17:09
There's even the possibility of a patent being rejected.
17:10 โ†’ 17:15
The company has agreed to go solo, or there is a contract.
17:15 โ†’ 17:28
And if you don't submit it, because the controlling company submitted it alone, without the permission of the faculty, then there's a chance that the patent law will reject it.
17:30 โ†’ 17:37
The debate over superconductors has been triggered by a group of researchers in our country.
17:38 โ†’ 17:45
It looks like we still have a long way to go before we know if it's really a superconductor.
17:45 โ†’ 17:49
There are failures, there are successes, and most of them are failures.
17:50 โ†’ 18:04
And then if that inspires scientists to think that we might be able to find superconductors that are warm in ways that we haven't thought of, that's going to be invaluable.
18:05 โ†’ 18:10
Because science takes a step forward through these processes.
18:10 โ†’ 18:28
And I think that's why so many of you are focused on new discoveries, because we've tried thousands and tens of thousands of different possibilities, and if we can find just one of them, we're going to be able to go through it every day.
18:29 โ†’ 18:39
This is the cover of the 1987 American Times, and it depicts the future of the thermal superconductor.
18:39 โ†’ 18:47
It's not there yet, but scientists say it's getting closer.
18:48 โ†’ 19:10
An international passenger terminal on the East Sea, where thousands of foreigners a month arrive on board passenger ships bound for Russia.
19:11 โ†’ 19:23
Where are they all going to go? It's the city center of Ganglung, where the human resources offices are.
19:23 โ†’ 19:29
Most of the young workers who have been looking for a job since dawn are foreigners.
19:30 โ†’ 19:37
Now, you can see that almost 90 percent or more of the people are young and fit, and you can see that there are very few Koreans.
19:38 โ†’ 19:46
We can't sustain our society without them, because we're seeing a decrease in production capacity and volume.
19:46 โ†’ 19:54
So what is the life of the children who come to Korea with them or who are born in this land?
19:55 โ†’ 20:00
Apparently, he grew up here, and Justice is an illegal immigrant.
20:01 โ†’ 20:14
Unlike your other friends, you have to live with this anxiety and anxiety in order to get to secondary school.
20:14 โ†’ 20:22
Children deprived of even the most basic rights that every child should have because their parents are not legal residents.
20:23 โ†’ 20:30
Because they're children that we don't acknowledge, we don't have a responsibility to protect them, and I think we're missing the point.
20:32 โ†’ 20:37
An unregistered two-week-old child living in South Korea during a period of low birth rates.
20:38 โ†’ 20:43
And now we've got a baby-sitter who's just started walking.
20:44 โ†’ 21:00
The Thai foster mother and father gave birth to a foster child in South Korea a year ago after the legal period of stay expired.
21:03 โ†’ 21:09
But the unaccompanied child returned to Thailand.
21:10 โ†’ 21:20
The Thai foster mother and father gave birth to a foster child in South Korea a year ago after the legal period of stay expired.
21:23 โ†’ 21:27
But she still hasn't reported the birth.
21:29 โ†’ 21:33
The embassy refused to renew his passport.
21:50 โ†’ 21:56
The foster parents wanted to report the birth of their child in Korea, but that was also impossible.
21:57 โ†’ 22:03
Because in Korea, the birth of a foreign child has to be registered at the embassy or consulate of the country of origin.
22:04 โ†’ 22:09
In South Korea, the legal system for birth registration is based on the Family Registry Act.
22:10 โ†’ 22:14
Because of the Family Registry Act, births have to be registered in Korea.
22:14 โ†’ 22:18
The legal system of birth registration is based on the Family Registry Act.
22:19 โ†’ 22:22
The Family Relations Registration Act is a public law.
22:23 โ†’ 22:26
That's one of the reasons it's excluded from the birth certificate.
22:28 โ†’ 22:33
Protecting a stateless, unregistered child who doesn't exist anywhere.
22:36 โ†’ 22:43
A mother who can't leave Korea, where she's already settled, says that when her child is sick, it hurts her the most.
22:45 โ†’ 22:49
When a child is sick, it's the most painful.
22:52 โ†’ 22:56
When a child is sick, it's the most painful.
23:01 โ†’ 23:05
Because they're not registered, they don't have health insurance.
23:06 โ†’ 23:13
If you have a cold and you go to the hospital, you have to pay 100,000 Rupees, so you're afraid to go to the hospital.
23:14 โ†’ 23:17
It's hard for the kids.
23:18 โ†’ 23:24
It's a different story for children who were registered at birth in their home country.
23:25 โ†’ 23:31
Jin Woo's mother and father came to Korea from Thailand 10 years ago.
23:32 โ†’ 23:37
She's an illegal immigrant, but she gave birth here and registered her birth in her home country.
23:38 โ†’ 23:44
But in Korea, they didn't get Jin Woo's foreign registration number.
23:45 โ†’ 23:49
Unrecognized child in Korea.
23:49 โ†’ 23:55
Jinhua spends all day in a container hostel inside the factory where his father works.
23:56 โ†’ 24:01
It's impossible for students to learn.
24:18 โ†’ 24:23
Some municipalities provide childcare for foreign-born children.
24:23 โ†’ 24:27
Children who don't have an alien registration number are excluded.
24:30 โ†’ 24:34
Unenrolled children hit a bigger wall when they're old enough to go to school.
24:51 โ†’ 24:57
If the school rejects you for admission and transfer, you have no choice.
24:58 โ†’ 25:03
When you're going to transfer or when you're starting a new school, it all depends on the discretion of the school.
25:03 โ†’ 25:11
When you've made a decision and you've been denied admission or transfer, there's no real way to respond to that.
25:13 โ†’ 25:19
As for the children, they were either born in Korea, or they came to Korea at a very young age and grew up in Korea.
25:19 โ†’ 25:26
The problem is that because of the identity of the parents, they're not even allowed to have access to proper education or health care.
25:26 โ†’ 25:28
It's very sad.
25:28 โ†’ 25:31
How many of these kids are in the country right now?
25:31 โ†’ 25:38
As of the end of last year, there were 5,078 illegal aliens under the age of 19 living in the country.
25:38 โ†’ 25:43
But this is the number of minors who have entered South Korea and completed the legal period of stay.
25:43 โ†’ 25:49
Children born in South Korea are not included because they don't have birth certificates.
25:49 โ†’ 25:57
Migrant rights groups estimate that there are as many as 20,000 undocumented migrant children, including children born in South Korea.
25:57 โ†’ 26:00
But there are no official data or statistics.
26:00 โ†’ 26:08
Recently, we were tracking the whereabouts of unregistered children, and we were shocked by the number of deaths.
26:08 โ†’ 26:15
In response, the government decided to implement a birth registration system that would make it mandatory for health care providers to report births.
26:15 โ†’ 26:21
If the birth registration system is implemented, will it improve the situation for migrant children?
26:21 โ†’ 26:26
No. Unfortunately, even in the birth registry, illegal immigrant children are excluded.
26:26 โ†’ 26:28
Let me tell you why.
26:50 โ†’ 26:58
Unregistered children are more likely to be placed in the welfare system and more likely to be exposed to crime.
26:59 โ†’ 27:06
The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, which our country ratified 30 years ago, says that every child should be registered at birth.
27:06 โ†’ 27:14
But it hasn't been implemented, and the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child has recommended it twice to the South Korean government, and yet the problem persists.
27:28 โ†’ 27:42
It turns out that there have been cases where children who grew up with an unregistered identity have decided to take matters into their own hands.
27:42 โ†’ 27:51
Marina, 22, is studying social work at a university in Seoul.
27:51 โ†’ 28:01
He was born to immigrant workers from Mongolia, and spent most of his life as an undocumented immigrant.
28:01 โ†’ 28:10
As Marina approached middle school, she realized for the first time that she was different from her friends.
28:34 โ†’ 28:48
Marina, who was afraid of being forced out of school after high school.
28:50 โ†’ 29:04
It's close to a completely unfamiliar country, because I don't speak the language and I don't know the culture.
29:04 โ†’ 29:13
I wondered if there was a way for unregistered children like me to live in Korea without fear.
29:13 โ†’ 29:22
With the help of a teacher and a human rights group, I filed a petition with the attorney general's office, appealing for the long-term custody of an unregistered two-week-old baby.
29:36 โ†’ 29:42
When the Justice Department didn't respond, we went to the National Human Rights Commission.
29:42 โ†’ 29:55
She argued that the forced removal of a two-week-old child who was born in Korea and speaks Korean as her mother tongue and has formed a Korean identity is a violation of fundamental rights.
29:56 โ†’ 30:03
Human Rights Watch urged the Justice Department to institutionalize it, and the Justice Department eventually did.
30:04 โ†’ 30:19
From 2021 to 2025, we're going to grant temporary residency to undocumented two-week-olds who've been in the country for six years or more.
30:20 โ†’ 30:24
But there were tough conditions.
30:39 โ†’ 30:49
What you need is a birth certificate issued by the country of origin of the child who is applying for a birth certificate, or a marriage certificate from the parents.
30:51 โ†’ 30:55
Some kids don't even apply because they don't have the paperwork.
30:56 โ†’ 31:04
You were born in South Korea, but the embassy doesn't give you a set of documents to prove that you were born in South Korea.
31:05 โ†’ 31:09
We're not even applying yet, we're just getting ready.
31:10 โ†’ 31:16
The Attorney General's office estimates that there are 3,000 people applying for temporary residency.
31:18 โ†’ 31:22
So far, only about 550 children have been granted residency.
31:23 โ†’ 31:31
Maybe it's the fear of the border, maybe it's the burden of the extra allowance that's given to each family.
31:32 โ†’ 31:40
We're preparing monitoring to identify the underlying reasons and to review how we can improve the system.
31:41 โ†’ 31:51
The efforts of one undocumented migrant child have yielded the small result of a temporary residence permit, but there are still big limits to reality.
31:52 โ†’ 31:55
What happened to Marina, the person who brought this up in the Human Rights Committee?
31:56 โ†’ 31:59
Fortunately, Marina was granted a temporary residence permit.
31:59 โ†’ 32:06
Now I'm a little bit freed from the fear of deportation to go to college and get an international student visa.
32:07 โ†’ 32:10
But if you take a vacation, you have to leave within two weeks.
32:11 โ†’ 32:18
Unlike Ms. Marina, a two-week-old who can't go to college or get a job will only be granted temporary residency for one year.
32:19 โ†’ 32:28
It's one year -- you've got a temporary residence permit, but you've got to go on vacation, and you've got to go on vacation, and you've got to go on vacation if you graduate and you don't have a job in a year.
32:29 โ†’ 32:36
I can't help but wonder if a year isn't too short for this first step of our society.
32:37 โ†’ 32:43
Yes, yes, there are very limited fields in which foreigners can officially work in our country, even if they have a job.
32:44 โ†’ 32:47
Overall, there's a strong call for follow-up.
33:00 โ†’ 33:06
I think we should be able to live our lives designing for the future without fear of leaving.
33:08 โ†’ 33:13
Following her parents, Ms. Dalia came to Korea from Uzbekistan at the age of three.
33:14 โ†’ 33:23
When I was in high school, I dreamed of being a writer, and I represented my school in a spelling bee.
33:24 โ†’ 33:32
I wanted to go to art school, but because of my undocumented status, I couldn't go to college at first.
33:34 โ†’ 33:43
I hope you graduate soon, because I have a year left, and when I graduate, it's my last.
33:47 โ†’ 33:48
Sorry about that.
33:49 โ†’ 33:58
After graduating from high school, I got a residency permit from the Department of Justice, a temporary one-year visa.
33:59 โ†’ 34:13
Now that you're an illegal immigrant, you can kick my daughter out.
34:13 โ†’ 34:23
If you have to go to college or get a job within a year, you can stay in Korea.
34:26 โ†’ 34:41
Because it's a temporary visa, you don't get much support, and even if you do, there's a lot of paperwork that you have to fill out at the employment office to justify hiring a foreigner.
34:42 โ†’ 34:45
So I guess they're a nuisance, too.
34:47 โ†’ 34:51
There's a lot of concern about whether or not they'll be able to extend their visas.
34:52 โ†’ 35:09
It's hard to go back, because it's such an invasive country, and you're constantly being watched, and some of the worst people have been taken to prison, and you think it's dangerous.
35:10 โ†’ 35:27
The ones who were reluctant because they were not registered, and after many attempts to persuade them, they were unable to take the interview.
35:28 โ†’ 35:32
Instead, they're grateful to the neighbors who haven't abandoned them.
35:33 โ†’ 35:49
I was lucky because my fellow countrymen treated me as if I was the same Korean person who had never been bullied once in school, or never at all.
35:50 โ†’ 36:00
Since you've been so helpful, I'd like to return the favor by becoming a social worker.
36:01 โ†’ 36:08
Even though they're not Korean, they're Korean children who live with us.
36:09 โ†’ 36:14
Now, each and every one of them is going to be a very precious age.
36:15 โ†’ 36:21
So I think these kids can be a very valuable human resource for us.
36:22 โ†’ 36:40
In fact, these are children who can only speak Korean and who have developed their identity as Koreans in Korea, so in a way, these children can stay in Korea and build a future, which is also an advantage for the Korean society.
36:41 โ†’ 36:49
No, it's not their fault at all, because children, children are not born into it by choice.
36:50 โ†’ 37:00
I think it's important for everyone to know that it's not that the child has a problem.

A Korean company claims to have developed a room-temperature superconductor, a material that could revolutionize energy solutions.

This video in Korean was translated to English, ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด on August 27, 2023, using Targum.video AI translation service.

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